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Date£º[ 8/24/2008 ]

±âº» ¿µ¹®¹ýºÎÅÍ °í±Þ¿µ¹®¹ý Áß¿¡¼­ ±î´Ù·Ó°í ¿Ü¿ì±â ¾î·Á¿î °ÍµéÀ» »Ì¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
°è¼Ó Ãß°¡Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇϽʽÿÀ.

<°ü°è»ç(Relative)>
(Rule 1)
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â who³ª which¸¦ ¿ì¼±ÇÏ¿© °ü°è»ç thatÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1. ¼±Çà»ç ¸í»ç°¡ first, best, last, only, very µîÀ̳ª ÃÖ»ó±Þ Çü¿ë»ç·Î ¼ö½ÄµÉ ¶§.
2. It is ¼±Çà»ç¡­¿¡ µÚµû¸£´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÒ ¶§.(=ºÐ¿­¹®) ex) It is the teacher that decides what to read.
3. ¼±Çà»ç ¸í»ç°¡ something, anything, all, much, little µîÀÇ ´ë¸í»çÀ̰ųª, all, any µîÀ¸·Î Á¦ÇÑ ¼ö½ÄµÉ ¶§.
4. °ü°èÀýÀÇ ¼ú¾îµ¿»ç°¡ be³ª look µîÀÇ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÀÚµ¿»çÀÎ °æ¿ì. ex) John is not the man that he was two years ago.
5. ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¶÷°ú µ¿¹° ¾çÂÊÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °æ¿ì.
(Rule 2)
¼±¹ÚÀº ¿©¼ºÀ¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇÏÁö¸¸ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â which·Î ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
(Rule 3)
where¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ °ü°èºÎ»ç´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¼±Çà»ç°¡ times, casesÀÏ ¶§ °ü°èºÎ»ç when, where¸¦ »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
(Rule 4)
Á־ reasonÀ̸é beµ¿»ç ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀýÀº thatÀ¸·Î º¸Åë ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ex) The only reason he has a house is that he never be idle.

<°ü»ç(Article)>
(Rule 1)
There·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â There is a book on the table.°ú °°Àº ±¸¹®Àº ÈçÈ÷ Á¸Àç¹®À̶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸¹®Àº »ó´ë¹æ(hearer)¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² Á¸À縦 ¾Ë¸®±â ¶§¹®¿¡ There·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â ¡¸ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç+¸í»ç¡¹À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) There is the book on the table.( )
(Rule 2)
'½Ã°£¡¤°Å¸®¡¤°¡°Ý¡¤Áß·®' Ç¥½ÃÀÇ ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ Á¤°ü»ç°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â º¹¼ö Ãë±ÞÇÑ´Ù. ex) The five dollars you gave me are enough to me.
(Rule 3)
ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç(a)
1. Çü¿ë»ç°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇؼ­ rather¿Í quite´Â °ü»ç µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ex) She has a rather good voice.
(Rule 4)
Á¤°ü»ç(the)
1. °­(Ë°)ÇØ(ú­)µµ(µµ·Î) ¼±(¼±¹Ú)»ê(»ê¸Æ)±º(±ºµµ) ¿¬(¿¬ÇÕ±¹°¡)°¡(°¡¹®:the Kims)¼­(Ã¥)¸é °ø(°ø°ø°Ç¹°:º»·¡¸ñÀû )¹Î(±¹¹Î)¸®(À̼º:the ambitious Caesar)
2. ÁÖ¾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÅüÀϺθ¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ °æ¿ì the¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ex) Have you broken your arm?
(Rule 5)
¹«°ü»ç
1. ¿ª(æ¾)°ø(°ø¿ø)Àå(±¤Àå) ´Ù(´Ù¸®)°¡(°¡·Î)¼­(¼­¿ø) ±Ã(±ÃÀü)ÇÐ(Çб³: º»·¡¸ñÀû)»ç(»ç¿ø)ÁÖ
2. °ø°ø°Ç¹°ÀÏÁö¶óµµ Áö¹æÀÇ À̸§À» µý °æ¿ì ¹«°ü»ç: Seoul Station
3. ÀâÁö¸íÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̸§À» µý °æ¿ì ¹«°ü»ç: Harper's Magazine
4. ÀÛÇ°ÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÁÖÀΰø À̸§À» µý ÀÛÇ°¸íÀº ¹«°ü»ç: Hamlet
5. Çü¿ë»ç·Î ¼ö½ÄµÇ´Â °íÀ¯¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡´Â the¸¦ »ç¿ë(the virgin Mary)µÇ³ª ÈçÈ÷ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Çü¿ë»ç(young, poor, little, tall) ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â the¸¦ »ý·«.
6. <³¯¾¾>¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â weather µî ºÒ°¡»ê¸í»ç³ª º¹¼ö¸í»ç´Â Çü¿ë»ç°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ Áö¶óµµ °ü»ç ¾øÀÌ such/whatÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù. ex) What fine weather it is!
7. <¿¬µµ> ¾Õ¿¡´Â year¶ó´Â ³¹¸»ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ ¹«°ü»çÀÌ´Ù. ex) around 1660/ around the year 1660
8. turnÀÌ becomeÀÇ ¶æÀÏ ¶§´Â ¹«°ü»ç. ex) He turned writer.
9. Lake, Cape, Mount¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °íÀ¯¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼­ °ü»ç»ý·«. ex) Cape Town, Lake Superior, Mount Everest

<±¸(Phrase)>
(Rule 1)
be about to´Â ¡¸¾ÆÁÖ °¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡¡¹¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â ¸¶·ÃÀ̾ ½Ã°£ºÎ»ç¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
(Rule 2)
would´Â ªÀº ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾ú´ø µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»Áö¸¸, used to´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î '±æ°íµµ ¸·¿¬ÇÑ °ú°Å'¸¦ ÀüÁ¦·Î Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ last year, for ten years µîÀÇ ºÎ»ç±¸¿Í´Â °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) I used to get up early when I was a child./ I used to live in Pusan before 1990.

<´ë¸í»ç(Pronoun), ´ë¿ë¾î(Substitute)>
(Rule 1)
1. allÀº »ç¶÷À» ¶æÇÒ ¶§´Â º¹¼ö Ãë±ÞÀ» Çϸç, ¹°°ÇÀ̳ª »óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â ´Ü¼öÃë±ÞÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ex) All are dead./ All is silent.
2. all of ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÕ´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤°ü»ç ¶Ç´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, both¿Í enoughµµ ¿ë¹ýÀÌ °°´Ù. ex) all of my friends, all of the books cf.) all the books, all whisky
3. all, both, half´Â ¼ö·®Ç¥½Ã ÇÑÁ¤»ç(every, either, neither, each, some, any, no, enough µî)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) Any half is bad.( ) ´Ü, half ¸¸Àº ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ half°¡ ºÎ»ç·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¶§ enough ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù. ex) He hasn't half enough money.
4. ÇÑÁ¤»ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ 'of+¸í»ç±¸'°¡ ¿À¸é ÇÑÁ¤»ç´Â ´ë¸í»ç ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸç, À̶§ of µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç´Â ÇÑÁ¤»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¸í»ç³ª ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù. Áï, ÇÑÁ¤»ç´Â °ãÃÄ ¾µ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) some people/ some of the people/ some of people( )/ some the people( )/ all of it/ both of them/ half of it/ all us( )
5. all, both, half ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â of´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÁ¤»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼­ »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¿Ã ¶§´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) all (of) the girls/ half (of) the time/ all of it
6. double, twice, three times´Â ÇÑÁ¤»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª 'of ±¸¹®'À» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) four times this amount/ twice of the price( )
7. once, twice, three times µîÀº ½Ã°£Ç¥½Ã ¸í»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇÑÁ¤»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ex) once a day/ twice each year
8. noneÀº ¿ø·¡ ´Ü¼öÀ̳ª(=no one), ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â º¹¼ö Ãë±ÞÀÌ º¸ÅëÀÓ. ex) None are completely happy.
9. all of the´Â ½Ã°£Ç¥½Ã ¸í»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) all of the day( )
10. all, both¿Í ´Þ¸® half´Â ´ë¸í»ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) They half( )/ we both/ half of them
(Rule 2)
every(each, all°ú ºñ±³)
1. each¿Í ´Þ¸® ´Üµ¶À¸·Î »ç¿ëºÒ°¡(Çü¿ë»ç³ª ÇÑÁ¤»ç·Î¸¸ ¾²ÀÓ). ex) Every has two coats.( )
2. each¿Í ´Þ¸® ÁÖ¾îÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¼úºÎ·Î ¿Å±æ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Each man has two coats.The man have two coats each.
3. ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÏ ¶§´Â ÀÌÁß¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇϳª, ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀÌ itsÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌÁß¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) its every stone
4. all°ú ´Þ¸® ´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Every this is my home.( )
5. of them/us/you ¾Õ¿¡ everyoneÀº ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸ everybody´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ½. ex) everybody of them( )
6. each´Â every¿Í ´Þ¸® absolutely, almost, practically, nearly, without, exception µî °­Á¶ÀûÀÎ ³¹¸»°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) Absolutely each boy was satisfied.( )
7. µîÀ§±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¾î¼ø: each and every/ you, me and everybody
(Rule 3)
ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç one
1. ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â oneÀº º¹¼öÇüÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇϸç, ºÒ°¡»ê¸í»ç¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏÁöµµ ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çü¿ë»çÀÇ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì´Â º¹¼öÇüÀ» ÃëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ex) I don't like this pen. Can you show me a better one?
2. ºÒ°¡»ê¸í»ç°¡ Çü¿ë»çÀÇ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â oneÀº ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) I like red wine better than white wine.
3. ´ëÁ¶°¡ µÇ´Â Çü¿ë»ç´Â ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç oneÀÌ »ý·«µÇ³ª, ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â oneÀº »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) I'd prefer a large bottle to a small one.
4. °¡»ê¸í»çÀÏÁö¶óµµ µ¶¸³¼ÒÀ¯°Ý ´ÙÀ½¿¡ one(s)·Î ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª, <¼ÒÀ¯°Ý+Çü¿ë»ç+one>ÀÇ °æ¿ì oneÀº »ý·«ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) I like Bill's yellow shirt, but you like Make's red one.
5. °¡»ê¸í»çÀÏÁö¶óµµ ±â¼ö ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ¾µ ¶§ one(s)´Â »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¼­¼ö ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ´Ü¼öÀÇ °æ¿ì oneÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ¸ç º¹¼öÀÇ °æ¿ì ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸ÅëÀÌ´Ù. ex) ......¡­, I have two./ .......¡­, I have the second./ Of the speakers, the first ones were interesting.
(Rule 4)
ÀýÀÇ ´ë¿ë¾î so¿Í not
1. so´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ÀýÀ» ´ë½ÅÇϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, so¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿»ç´Â hope, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, reckon, think, be afraid µî¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ex) A: Is he honest? B: I am sure so.( )
2. ÀýÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â so´Â hear, understand, tell, believe µî°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ °æ¿ì ÀýÀÇ ¾Õ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ex) A: He's ill. B: So I understand. ±×·¯³ª think, hope, suppose µî°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ °æ¿ì, so´Â ¾Õ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) I think so.
3. ¹®ÀåºÎ»çÀÎ perhaps´Â so¿Í not°úµµ °áÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, certainly´Â not°ú¸¸ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù. ex) Certainly so.( )
(Rule 5)
°­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ meÀÎ °æ¿ì 3ÀÎĪÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. ex) It is me that is responsible.
(Rule 6)
<¼ÒÀ¯>¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§ÀÇ that, those: of ¾Õ¿¡ that³ª the oneÀ» ½á¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ex) He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry.( ) ´Ü, <¼ÒÀ¯>¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ °æ¿ì ºñ±³±Þ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ that of´Â °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ex) The position of a grand-parent is easier than that of a parent.
(Rule 7)
almost´Â ºÎÁ¤(´ë)¸í»ç all, half, none, no one, nothing, every µîÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ ³õÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ex) almost none of/ almost all of

<µ¶ÇØ(Reading)>
He survived his wife.(±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â Á×°í ±× ¸¸ÀÌ »ì¾Æ ³²¾Ò´Ù.)
Jane is hearing Mary her lesson.(JaneÀº MaryÀÇ ·¹½¼À» ºÁÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
Now you'll catch it.(ÀÌÁ¦ ³Ê´Â ¹úÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °Å¾ß.)
Confound it!(ºô¾î¸ÔÀ»!)
the president elect(´ëÅë·É ´ç¼±ÀÚ), China proper(Áß±¹º»Åä), God almighty(Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇϳª´Ô), attorney general(°ËÂûÃÑÀå), heir apparent(¹ýÁ¤ÃßÁ¤ »ó¼ÓÀÎ), notary public(°øÁõÀÎ), a never-to-forgotten sight(°áÄÚ ÀØÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±¤°æ), these not-to-be-avoided expenses(ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ °æºñ), a worthy gentleman(ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½Å»ç), local worthies(Áö¹æÀ¯Áö), a worthy reward(ÀÀºÐÀÇ º¸¼ö)
I cannot see you without thinking of your father.(³ª´Â ³Ê¸¦ º¼ ¶§¸¶´Ù ³ÊÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ »ý°¢³­´Ù.)
¸ö¹«°Ô¿¡ °üÇÑ Ç¥Çö: How much do you weigh?/ I weighed myself last time./ I was 50 kilograms.
The sun went in.(ÇØ°¡ ±¸¸§ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¸ð½ÀÀ» °¨Ãß¾ú´Ù.)
We covered ten miles.(¿ì¸®µéÀº 10¸¶ÀÏ ´äÆÄÇß´Ù.)
That comes cheap.(±× ÂÊÀÌ ½Î°Ô Ä¡ÀδÙ.)
I esteem it a privilege to address this audience.(¿©±â ¸ðÀ̽Š¿©·¯ºÐµé¿¡°Ô ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ¿µ±¤À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)
Who sleeps dines.(Àá Àß ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ´Â Àß ¸Ô´Â´Ù.)
I didn't see much of him then.(³ª´Â ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±×¸¦ ÀÚÁÖ º¸Áö ¸ø Çß´Ù.)

<µ¿¸í»ç(Gerund)>
(Rule 1)
µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ» Áö¶óµµ a group, any, some, few µî°ú ÇÔ²² ºÎºÐÇ¥Çö¿¡¼­´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) some of Lee's criticizing the book( )some of Lee's criticisms of the book
(Rule 2)
He is sure of succeeding.(= He is sure that he will succeed.) cf.) He is sure to succeed.(= I am sure that he will succeed.)
(Rule 3)
Áö½ÃÀû À̵¿ÀÇ µ¿»ç(go, come, take, bring, carry µî)°¡ ingÇü ¼ö¹Ý½Ã À¯ÀÇÁ¡.
1. ¡­ingÇüÀ» ´ë¸í»ç ¶Ç´Â there·Î ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) go fishing there( )
2. ¡­ingÇü¿¡ Çü¿ë»ç µî ÇÑÁ¤»ç¸¦ ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) We are going good fishing.( )
3. ¡­ingÇüÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´Ü, visitingÀº °¡´É.
4. ¡­ingÇü ¼ö¹Ý½Ã ±ØÈ÷ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Ç¥Çö°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) He went fishing at the market spot.( )
5. ¡­ingÇüÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â È°µ¿Àº ³îÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÑ °Í, ½ÅüÀû È°µ¿, ºñ±³Àû ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Á¶Á÷ÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í, Àå¼ÒÀÇ À̵¿À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °Í µî¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
(Rule 4)
It is worth while reading. cf.) This book is worth while to read.

<µ¿»ç(Verb)>
(Rule 1)
¸î ¸î µ¿»ç¿¡´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸³ª ºÎ»ç(±¸)¸¦ º¸¾î·Î ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¹ÝÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. behave, trudge, dress, look, live, work, pass, stretch µîÀÇ ÀÚµ¿»ç³ª ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â put, show, treat, take, pay, keep µîÀÇ Å¸µ¿»ç µîÀÌ ±× ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ex) He behave impudently towards his seniors./ They trudged through the deep snow./ Jane dresses well on very little money./ He may pass(¡­·Î ÅëÇÏ´Ù) as an actor here, but he wouldn't do in the U.S./ The forests in Canada stretch for hundreds of miles./ You put too little salt in this soup./ The secretary showed him into the manager's room./ Don't treat me like a child./ Please take your hat off here./ The job paid them poorly./ They kept the children indoors.
(Rule 2)
look for´Â ¡¸Ã£´Â °úÁ¤¡¹À» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, find´Â ±× °úÁ¤ÀÇ ¡¸Á¾°áÁ¡¡¹À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ex) I looked for the book for five hours./ I found the book in five hours.
(Rule 3)
°áÈ¥ÇÏ´ÙÀÇ ³× °¡Áö Ç¥Çö: ex) I am married.(±âÈ¥ÀÚ)/ She married a teacher.(Ÿµ¿»ç¸ñÀû¾î)/ She is married to Tom.(°áÈ¥ÇÑ »óÅ °­Á¶)/ She got married in 1988.(ÁÖ·Î ½Ã°£Ç¥½Ã ºÎ»ç µ¿¹Ý)
(Rule 4)
say, tell, talk
1. say´Â »ç¶÷À» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í, ½Ã°è°¡ ½Ã°£À» ¾Ë¸®°Å³ª °¡¸®Å³ ¶§ ¾²ÀδÙ. ex) My watch says 5 o'clock.
2. tellÀº ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÎ °³ÀÏ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÌ ¶§ °£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î´Â »ç¶÷À̾î¾ß Çϸç, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½Ã°è¸¦ º¸°í ½Ã°£À» ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ ¶§ ¾²ÀδÙ. ex) My watch tells the time.
3. talk´Â ´ëÈ­ÀÇ °³³ä.

<µ¿»çÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦(Tense)>
(Rule 1)
just³ª now¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® just now(=a very short time ago)´Â °ú°Å¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç·Î Ãë±ÞµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇü°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) He has just now returned home.( )
(Rule 2)
have been to´Â ¡¸...¿¡ °¬´Ù ¿Ô´Ù¡¹´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, have gone to´Â ¡¸...¿¡ °¡¹ö·È´Ù.(µû¶ó¼­ Áö±Ý ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡´Â ¾ø´Ù.)¡¹´Â ¶æÀ̹ǷÎ, have gone to´Â 1ÀÎĪÀ̳ª 2ÀÎĪÀ» ÁÖ¾î·Î »ïÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
(Rule 3)
have got Àº Çü½Ä»óÀ¸·Î´Â ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇüÀÌÁö¸¸, ±¸¾îü¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÈ÷ haveÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. ex) I've got to go.(= I have to go.) ´Ù¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì´Â have gotÀÌ haveÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
1. have°¡ ¿µ¼ÓÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§. ex) He has a blind eye. cf.) He has got a black eye.(±×´Â ¾ò¾î¸Â¾Æ ´«¿¡ ¸ÛÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù.)
2. Á¶µ¿»ç will, shall ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼­.
3. ¸í·É¹®¿¡¼­.
4. have ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ »ý·«µÇ´Â °æ¿ì. ex) Yes, I have.
5. have a smoke, have a work, have a bath °°Àº µ¿»ç±¸¿¡¼­.
(Rule 4)
had better¿Í had (would) rather
1. µÚ¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÌ µÇ¸ç had better´Â ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϳª had rather´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ex) Breakfast had better be eaten before 9 o'clock.
2. had betterÀÇ '°ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÏ'À» Ç¥½ÃÇÒ ¶§´Â had better have p.p¸¦ ¾´´Ù. ex) You had better have visited him then. cf.) ±¸¾î(ü)¿¡¼­´Â I better go.ó·³ had¸¦ »ý·«Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
3. would rather ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÀýÀÌ ¿Ã °æ¿ì µ¿»ç´Â °ú°ÅÇüÀ» ¾´´Ù. ex) I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
(Rule 5)
know´Â '°æÇèÇß´Ù'´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¿Ï·áÇü, °ú°ÅÇüÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ¿© to ¾ø´Â ºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ º¸¾î·Î ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ex) I have never known him tell a lie. cf.) I know him to be honest.(±×°¡ Á¤Á÷ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù)(ÇöÀçÇü)
(Rule 6)
Á¶°Ç¹®ÀÇ ±Í°áÀý¿¡¼­´Â be going to´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) If you accept that job, you are never going to regret it.( ) ´Ü, Á¶°Ç¹®ÀÌ¶óµµ Á¶°ÇÀýÀÌ <ÇöÀçÀÇ »óÅÂ>¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ±Í°áÀýÀÌ ±×¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÒ ¶§´Â »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ex) We are going to find ourselves in difficulty if we carry on like this. cf.) or ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ´ë½Å willÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) I ¡­ or he will¡­.
(Rule 7)
when, if, after, till, as soon as µîÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­´Â ÇöÀç¿Ï·á°¡ ¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á¸¦ ´ë¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) I will read that book when I have read this.(ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´Ù ÀÐÀ¸¸é Àú Ã¥À» ÀаڴÙ.)

<¸í»ç(Noun)>
(Rule 1)
°¡»ê¸í»ç
1. ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Çüü¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÏ Á¾·ù¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °³Ã¼¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â ¸í»ç ex) friend, rose, hand, house
2. ¾ð¾î, »çȸ, ôµµ µîÀÇ ´ÜÀ§ ex) meter, hour, dollar, family, word
3. ³ª´©¾î¼­ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°ÁúÀÇ ÀϺΠex) part, element, atom, piece, drop
4. Ãß»óÀû °³Ã¼ ex) idea, scheme, plan, remark
5. pleasure¿¡ a°¡ ºÙ¾î ¡¸±â»Û ÀÏ¡¹À̶õ ¶æÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í delightµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ex) It is a great pleasure to recommend him. ±×·¯³ª anger¿Í sadness´Â ºÒ°¡»ê¸í»ç·Î¸¸ ¾²ÀδÙ.
6. a great success(¼º°øÀûÀÎ »ç°Ç), kindnesses(Ä£ÀýÇÑ ÇàÀ§), a silence(ħ¹¬ÀÇ ±â°£), a development(¹ßÀüÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °á°ú), an experience(°æÇèÇÑ ÀÏ)
7. send a word with¡­(¡­¿Í À̾߱⸦ ³ª´©´Ù): a word=a conversation
(Rule 2)
ºÒ°¡»ê ¸í»ç
1. ¹°Áú, ¾×ü, Àç·á µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»ç
2. ¾ð¾î ex) French, English
3. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ãß»ó¸í»ç ex) honesty, ignorance, peace, safety cf.) a sheep's eyes(ÃßÆÄ), a clergyman's week(ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀÌ µÎ ¹ø ³¤ ÈÞ°¡)
4. send word(¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇÏ´Ù): word=news
(Rule 3)
type, kind, sort µîÀÌ ´Ü¼ö·Î º¹¼ö¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì. ex) Of what kind are these apples? º¹¼ö ¸í»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÏÁö¶óµµ ofµÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¸é ´Ü¼öÇü. ex) apples of this kind
(Rule 4)
ºñ±³Àû ¿µ¼Ó¼ºÀ» Áö´ÏÁö ¸øÇϸç ÀÚÀÇ·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç´Â <¸í»ç+¸í»ç>ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¾²Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ex) the table in the cornerthe corner table/ the man in the cornerthe corner man( )

<¸í»çÀý(Noun Clause)>
(Rule 1)
whether¿Í °°Àº ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áø Á¾À§Á¢¼Ó»ç if´Â whether¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® if·Î ÀεµµÇ´Â ¸í»çÀýÀº ÁÖ¾îÀýÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) If it rains much or not doesn't matter to persons in big cities.( ) cf.) Whether it rains much or not doesn't matter to persons in big cities.

<¹®ÀåÀÇ ±¸Á¶(Sentence structure)>
(Rule 1)
¿ÀÁ÷ S+V+IO+DO Çü½Ä¿¡¸¸ ¾²ÀÌ´Â µ¿»ç: envy, bet, charge, save(¼ö°í¸¦ ´ú´Ù), afford, cost, guarantee cf. S+V+IO+DO Çü½Ä »ç¿ë ¿¹. ex) He sold me his old car./ I've sent Jane a present./ Please leave her some ice-cream./ Can you cash me this check?
(Rule 2)
µ¿»ç consider(believe, find, prove, think)¿Í know(acknowledge, discover, feel, imagine, judge, report, suppose)ÀÇ ºñ±³
1. We consider him (to be) a fool. 2. We know him to be a good worker.

<¹ý(mood)>
(Rule 1)
It's (high) time¡­ ±¸¹®¿¡¼­ be µ¿»ç¸¦ ¾µ °æ¿ì, I, he, she, it¿¡´Â were¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í was·Î Ç¥½ÃÇϸç, Á¢¼Ó»ç that´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã »ý·«ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) It's time I was in bed.
(Rule 2)
It is strange(natural) that¡­ ±¸¹®¿¡¼­´Â should+¿øÇüµ¿»ç³ª Á÷¼³¹ýÀ» ¾²¸ç, (should)+¿øÇüµ¿»ç·Î ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

<ºÎ»ç(Adverb)>
(Rule 1)
as³ª like°¡ ºÎÁ¤¾î not µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¶§ ¡¸¡¦ÀÇ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ´Þ¸®¡¹·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÒ °Í. ex) Wood does not contract as steal does.(³ª¹«´Â °­Ã¶°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¼öÃàµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
(Rule 2)
ÈÄÀ§Ä¡¿¡ ¿À´Â ½Ã°£ ¼ö½Ä¾îÀÇ Á¤»óÀû ¾î¼øÀº Áö¼ÓºÎ»ç+ºóµµºÎ»ç+½Ã°¢ºÎ»çÀÇ ¼ø¼­ÀÌ´Ù. ex) He would take exercise for an hour or two(Áö¼ÓºÎ»ç) every morning(ºóµµºÎ»ç) during his youth(½Ã°¢ºÎ»ç).
(Rule 3)
¹®ÀåºÎ»ç´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ºÎÁ¤ÇüÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) Dishonestly(Falsely), I can't tell you the answer.( ) »ðÀÔ±¸ ¿ª½Ã ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤ÇüÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) John is, I don't think(I doubt), an idiot.( )
(Rule 4)
very¿Í much
1. µ¿»ç likeÀÇ °­ÀÇ(Ë­ëò)ºÎ»ç·Î´Â very much/so much/too much°¡ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, much´Â Àǹ®¹®°ú ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ex) I don't like him much.
2. muchµµ ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ µ¿»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡ much´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖ¾î ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) We much prefer his offer./ We much appreciate your invitation.
(Rule 5)
either³ª nether°¡ º»µ¿»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À´Â °æ¿ì or ¶Ç´Â nor·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀýÀ̸ç, nor·Î À¯µµµÇ´Â ÀýÀº µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù. ex) You can either write elegantly or you can write clearly./ You can neither write elegantly nor can you write clearly.
(Rule 6)
¾çźλç(¾î¶»°Ô) ¾Õ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¾î·ù´Â very, quite, pretty, rather, awfully, more, too µîÀÇ ±â´É¾îÀÌ´Ù. ex) The men went down very rapidly much(still, even, no) later. cf.) ÀÚµ¿»ç+¾çźλç, Ÿµ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î+¾çźλç or ¾çźλç+Ÿµ¿»ç, Ÿµ¿»ç+¾çźλç+±ä ¸ñÀû¾î
(Rule 7)
beµ¿»ç, Á¶µ¿»ç ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ºóµµ¡¤ºÎÁ¤ºÎ»ç´Â beµ¿»ç, Á¶µ¿»ç ¾ÕÀ¸·Î °£´Ù. ex) He has been diligent, and he always will.
(Rule 8)
¾çÅ¡¤¹æ¹ýºÎ»ç°¡ µ¿»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§, ÀÚµ¿»çÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½¿¡(He came immediately.), Ÿµ¿»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§´Â ¸ñÀû¾î ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¹Ì°¡ -lyÀÎ ºÎ»ç´Â °­¼¼ ¾øÀÌ Å¸µ¿»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ³õÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ex) I perfectly understand your position.
(Rule 9)
ºÎ»ç°¡ ºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ °æ¿ì ±× µÚ¿¡ µÐ´Ù. ´Ü, not, never, always µîÀº ºÎÁ¤»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù. ex) The doctor told me never to eat fish.
(Rule 10)
would like to¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç´Â Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù. ex) I'd most like to visit.
(Rule 11)
»óŵ¿»ç´Â ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇüÀ¸·Î´Â already, yet°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ °æ¿ì already, yetÀº ´Ü¼øÇöÀçÇü µ¿»ç·Î Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) He has already known what happened.( )/ He already knows what happened. ´Ü, ±â°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç(±¸)°¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÉ ¶§´Â ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(Rule 12)
nearly(almost¿Í ºñ±³)
1. ¾Õ¿¡ not, very, pretty µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â nearly ¹Û¿¡ ¾²Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
2. nearly¸¸Àº ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Áö´Ñ ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç(no, all)¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) Almost any time will do.
(Rule 13)
ratherÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿¹
1. ºñ±³±Þ ¹× too°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì. ex) rather better/ rather too small
2. Çü¿ë»çÀû Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ °æ¿ì. ex) rather a pity
3. enjoy, like, object µî È£(û¿)¿Í ºÒÈ£(ÝÕû¿)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿»çÀÇ °æ¿ì. ex) It rather annoys that we should wait for her.
4. ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î±¸¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ °æ¿ì. ex) rather difficult task
5. º¸Åë Çü¿ë»ç³ª ºÎ»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À´Â °æ¿ì. ex) It is rather like a photo.
(Rule 14)
sure, surely´Â real, really, truly¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ´Ù¸¥ ¼ö½Ä¾î±¸(Çü¿ë»ç µî)¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) She is a surely nice girl.( ) ´Ü, sure´Â beµ¿»ç ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡´Â À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) I am sure.
(Rule 15)
too¡­to »çÀÌ¿¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Çü¿ë»ç ready, apt, inclined µîÀÌ ¿À¸é ÀüÇô ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) He's too ready to talk.(±×´Â ³Ê¹« ¸»À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.)
(Rule 16)
much°¡ ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.
1. Àǹ®¹®, Á¶°Ç¹®, ºñ±³¹®ÀÇ thanÀý¿¡¼­´Â °¡´É.
2. ÁÖ¾îÀ̰ųª very, so, too, really, ever, how µîÀÇ ¼ö½Ä¾î±¸°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì. ex) I like him very much.
3. prefer, admire, appreciate, regret µîÀº ±àÁ¤ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ much·Î ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×·² °æ¿ì much´Â µ¿»ç¿¡ ¼±ÇàÇÔ. ex) We much appreciate his offer.
4. much´Â µ¿»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç too°¡ much¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì. ex) I ate too much./ It is too much cold.( ): much°¡ Çü¿ë»ç ¿ø±ÞÀÎ cold ¼ö½Ä ºÒ°¡´É./ He is much too kind.
5. °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÏÁö¶óµµ Çü¿ë»çÈ­ÇÑ tired, pleased, delighted, surprised, satisfied, disappointed µîÀº very·Î ¼ö½Ä.
(Rule 17)
¼­¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â Çü¿ë»ç(awake, alike, asleep µî)´Â very·Î ¼ö½ÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) I am wide awake.
(Rule 18)
Á¤µµºÎ»ç enough¿Í too´Â ÇÑ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ °°ÀÌ ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø°í, enough, too, so°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Çü¿ë»ç¡¤ºÎ»ç(±¸)°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ¿Ã ¶§ µµÄ¡°¡ µÈ´Ù. ex) Slowly enough did John walk for ¡­.

<ºÎÁ¤»ç(Infinitive)>
(Rule 1)
ºÐ¸®ºÎÁ¤»ç(split infinitive): I want to master English.(¿µ¾î¿¡ ¼÷´ÞÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù.)¶ó´Â ¹®Àå¿¡ really(Á¤¸»)¶ó´Â ºÎ»ç¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÏ¿©, '(Á¤¸» ¼÷´ÞÇϱâ)¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù'´Â Àǹ̰ü°è¸¦ ÀüÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§, I want really to master English.¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÎ»ç¸¦ to¾Õ¿¡ µÎ°Å³ª, I want to master English really.¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. I want to really master English.¶ó°í Çϸé to¿Í ºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ºÐ¸®ÇϹǷΠÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®ºÎÁ¤»ç¶ó°í ÇÏ¿© ±ÝÁöµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, I want really to master English.¶ó°í Çϸé really°¡ ¾ÕÀÇ want¿¡ °É·Á¼­ '.....ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù'(=I really want to...)·Î Çؼ®µÉ ¿ì·Áµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Î´Â I want to really master English.¶ó°í ÇÒ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
(Rule 2)
ºÎÁ¤»ç´Â ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÈ´Ù. ex) I am fond of teaching./ I am fond of to teach.( )
(Rule 3)
´ëºÎÁ¤»ç to¸¦ Å»¶ô½ÃÅ°´Â °æ¿ì
1. Çü¿ë»ç³ª ¸í»ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýº¹µÉ ¶§. ex) He's not ready (to).
2. try¿Í °°Àº µ¿»ç ´ÙÀ½. ex) OK, I'll try.
3. want³ª (would) like ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â to¸¦ Å»¶ô½Ãų ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, when, if, what, as µîÀÌ À¯µµÇÏ´Â Á¾¼ÓÀý ¼Ó¿¡¼­ to´Â Å»¶ô. ex) Come when you want.
(Rule 4)
µ¿»ç¿øÇü(ºñÁ¤Çüµ¿»ç) try´Â try toºÎÁ¤»ç ´ë½Å and¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾´´Ù. ex) try and see,±×·¯³ª Á¤Çüµ¿»ç(°ú°ÅÇü, 3ÀÎĪ ÇöÀç´Ü¼öÇü, ºÐ»çÇü.....)´Â ÀÌ·± Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¾²Áö ¸øÇÏ°í toºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. ex) They tried and saw her every day.( )They tried to see her every day.
(Rule 5)
be about to¡­, be supposed to¡­, be expected to¡­ µîÀÇ to´Â ºÎÁ¤»çÀ̹ǷΠ¿øÇüµ¿»ç(Root)°¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.

<ºñ±³(Comparison)>
(Rule 1)
The+ºñ±³±Þ¡­, the+ºñ±³±Þ¡­: ex) The higher we go up, the colder becomes the air./ The higher we go up, the colder it becomes.
(Rule 2)
°­Á¶ÀÇ far¿Í by farÀÇ ±¸º°: ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ Çü¿ë»ç¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼±ÇàÇÒ ¶§´Â far, ±×¹Û¿¡´Â by far. ex) This is far better than that./ This is by far the better of the two.
(Rule 3)
Æò¼­¹®¿¡¼­ than Àý¿¡¼­´Â ´ë¸í»ç¸¦ »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Someone likes you more than he likes Mary.
(Rule 4)
Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ °æ¿ì than Àý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ ÁÖÀýÀÇ Àǹ®´ë¸í»çÀÏ °æ¿ì ±× ´ë¸í»ç´Â ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Who do you like more than Mary likes him.( )
(Rule 5)
than ¾øÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ºñ±³
1. µÚ¿¡ if ÀýÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§. ex) ...... easier if¡­
2. ¸í»ç³ª ´ë¸í»ç oneÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§. ex) .... a smaller one.
3. ºñ±³ÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÏ ¶§. ex) It is the larger of the two.
4. ºñ±³±Þ¿¡ ¿ì¿­ÀÇ Á¤µµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÷°¡µÈ °æ¿ì. ex) This is by far the better of the two./ Is he any better today?
5. Á¡Áø ºñ±³ÀÇ °æ¿ì. ex) ..... more and more¡­

<¼ÒÀ¯°Ý(Possessive case)>
(Rule 1)
's ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý
1. »ç¶÷À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»ç
2. °íµîµ¿¹°À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»ç ex) the horse's tail, cow's milk
3. ÁýÇÕ¸í»ç ex) the government's proposal, the nation's social security
4. Áö¸í°ú ±â°ü¸í ex) Europe's future, the school's history
5. ½Ã°£°ú °ü°è ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç ex) today's newspaper
6. Àΰ£ÀÇ È°µ¿°ú °ü°è ±íÀº ¸í»ç ex) the game's history, science's influence, the mind's general development
(Rule 2)
ÀÌÁß¼ÒÀ¯°Ý
1. 's ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý ¸í»ç±¸¸¦ ´Ù½Ã a, any, this, these, those, that, some, any, no, which, what µîÀ¸·Î ¼ö½ÄÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇϸç, À̶§ ¸í»ç´Â »ç¶÷À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸í»çÀ̾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, ÇÑÁ¤(ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç a°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» ¹Þ´Â ¸í»çÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) an opera of my friend's
2. ÀÌÁß¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ the°¡ ºÙÀ» ¶§´Â »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½. ex) The son of Mr. Kim's has arrived.( )
3. of ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç´Â ƯÁ¤ÀÎÀ̾î¾ß ÇÔ. ex) This is an opera of Verdi's./ This is a sonata of a violinist's.( )
(Rule 3)
¼ÒÀ¯°Ý, ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç(and, but, or)¿Í ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª his·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ °ÍÀº ¿¹¿ÜÀÌ´Ù. ex) our and my work( )/ her friends or his friends/ his or her friends/ his and my work
(Rule 4)
¼ÒÀ¯°Ý+¸í»ç+and+¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç(my book and yours)´Â °¡´ÉÇϳª, ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç+and+¼ÒÀ¯°Ý+¸í»ç(yours and my problems)´Â ºÒ°¡ÇÏ´Ù.

<¼öµ¿ÅÂ(Passive voice)>
(Rule 1)
¼öµ¿Å º¯È¯ÀÇ Á¦¾à
1. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ S+V+O ±¸¹®Àº ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ex) have(¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù), lack, become(¾î¿ï¸®´Ù), fit, resemble µî)
2. Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç ex) Himself could be seen in the mirror.( )
3. »óÈ£´ë¸í»ç ex) Each other could hardly be seen in the fog.( )
4. ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ½ÅüÀÇ ÀϺΠex) His head was shaken by the handsome, bald doctor.( )
5. ºÎÁ¤»ç¿Í µ¿¸í»ç ex) To kiss was hoped (by John).( )/ Seeing her was enjoyed (by John).( )
(Rule 2)
ÀÌÁ߸ñÀûÀ» ÃëÇϴ Ÿµ¿»çÁß ¼öµ¿Å·Π¹Ù²ð ¶§ The guest speaker told us a charming story.We were told a charming story by the guest speaker.¿Í We gave him a prize.He was given a prize.°°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ °¡´ÉÇÑ Å¸µ¿»ç¿¡´Â tell, give, afford, accord, deny µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
(Rule 3)
¼öµ¿Å¿¡¼­ÀÇ get »ç¿ë
1. Á־ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾²ÀÓ. ex) A house can get built of stone, brick or clay.( )
2. <by+ÇàÀ§ÀÚ>¸¦ ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ¾øÀ½.
3. Mary got shot on purpose.(Mary´Â °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÑ¿¡ ¸Â´Ù.)Á־ ÃÊÁ¡ cf.) Mary was shot on purpose.(Mary´Â °íÀÇÀûÀÎ ÃÑ»ìÀ» ´çÇß´Ù.)by+ÇàÀ§ÀÚ¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡
(Rule 4)
say, rumor
1. ¼öµ¿ÇüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ºÎÁ¤»ç±¸¹®À» ¾²Áö ¸øÇÔ. ex) He is said to be rich.
2. by¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÎ»ç±¸·Î ¼ö½ÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ. ex) It was said by Mary that.( )
3. say, rumor¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç(±¸)´Â ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ½. ex) All of a sudden, George was said to be turning pale.( )
4. thatÀýÀ» ÁÖ¾îºÎ·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½.
(Rule 5)
¼öµ¿Å¿¡¼­ ƯÁ¤ÇàÀ§ÀÚ°¡ ¸í½ÃµÉ ¶§ canÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) A ton can't be lifted by John.( ) ´Ü, anyoneÀº °¡´É. ex) A ton can't be lifted by anyone.
(Rule 6)
´Éµ¿Çü ¼öµ¿ÅÂ: button(´ÜÃß°¡ ä¿öÁö´Ù), clean, cut(Ä®ÀÌ µé´Ù), kill, knock out, photograph, read, sell, wear µî
1. ºÎ»çÀû ¼ö½Ä¾î±¸°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ¿¹. ex) The orange peeled easily.
2. <Áö°¢µ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î+¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç> ±¸¹®¿¡¼­ ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾øÀ½.

<ÀüÄ¡»ç(Preposition)>
(Rule)
1. On the afternoon of Feb. 14ÀÌÁö¸¸ early, late µîÀÇ ºÎ»ç°¡ ºÙÀº °æ¿ì onÀ» ¸ø¾²°í inÀ» ½á¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ex) They left late in the afternoon of¡­.
2. On¡­ing(ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ)Àº Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿»ç¿Í´Â ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) On waiting for¡­( )/ On preparing supper( )/ On arriving¡­
3. boyhood, childhood µî ¡­hood·Î ³¡³­ ±â°£ Ç¥½ÃÀÇ ¸í»ç°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â since¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í fromÀ» ¾´´Ù. ex) I have known her from her childhood.
4. ³óÀå, ¼¶, °è´Ü, Ã¥(½Å¹®)ÀÇ ¸é¿¡ onÀ» ºÙÀδÙ. ex) on the first page cf.) Ã¥ÀÇ ´Ü°è Ç¥½Ã¿¡´Â atÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) Begin at page 10.
5. die´Â ´ë°³ wound, injury, cause, condition µî <¼è¾à¡¤¿Ü»ó¡¤°ú½Ç>ÀÇ ³¹¸»ÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§´Â fromÀ» ¾²°í, <ºÐ³ë¡¤½Ç¿¬> µî Á¤½ÅÀû ÀÌÀ¯´Â with, neglect, careless, mistake, fault µîÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÏ ¶§´Â through¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
6. <µ¿±â>¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â out of(=through)¸¦ ¾²¸ç, ´Ü¾î motives°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é fromÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© from motives of·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
7. inÀº ÁÖ·Î Çʱ⵵±¸¡¤¹Ì¼úÀç·á¡¤¾ð¾î¸í°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²¿© µµ±¸ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ex) with a pencil(º¸Åë¸í»ç)/ write in ink
8. ÃâÀÔÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Á¤»óÀûÀÏ ¶§´Â at, ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÏ ¶§´Â by¸¦ ¾´´Ù. ex) He must have entered by a secret door.
9. ¹øÁöÇ¥½Ã¿¡´Â atÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) at 448 Oxford Street cf.) °Å¸® À̸§¿¡´Â onÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) on Green Street
What's 100 millimeters in centimeters?(100¹Ð¸®´Â ¸î ¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍÀԴϱî?)(±æÀÌ)
The plane was flying at 5,000 meters.(³ôÀÌ)
This river is 500 meters wide here.(Æø)
How much is the one barrel of oil?(¿ëÀû)
Water boils at 100 .(¿Âµµ)
The bank opens at half past time.(½Ã°£)
At the shallow end it's only one meters deep.(±íÀÌ)
It's usually in the low thirties in July.(7¿ùÀº º¸Åë ±â¿ÂÀÌ 30µµ¸¦ ¾à°£ ³Ñ½À´Ï´Ù.)
How old will you be in the year 2000?(´ç½ÅÀº 2000³â¿¡´Â ¸î »ìÀÌÁö¿ä?)
TV was invented around 1926.(1926³â °æ)
The teens are an important time in life.
There's a speed limit of 50 here.(ÀÌ°÷Àº Á¦ÇÑ ¼Óµµ°¡ 50ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
Where does the 15:40 leave from?(15½Ã 40ºÐ Â÷´Â ¾îµð¼­ Ãâ¹ßÇÏÁö¿ä?)
It will be delayed by about 45 minutes.(45ºÐÂë ÁöüµÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.)
That newspaper has a daily circulation of 700,000.(Àú ½Å¹®ÀÇ ¹ßÇàºÎ¼ö´Â 70¸¸ ºÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
What's the formula for water?(¹°ÀÇ ºÐÀÚ½ÄÀº ¾î¶»°Ô µË´Ï±î?)
Our team won by five points.(5Á¡ Â÷ÀÌ·Î...)
I came 103 out of 247.(247¸íÁß¿¡¼­ 103¹ø °¿´¾î¿ä.)
It was marked out of 200.(200Á¡ ¸¸Á¡À̾ú´Ù.)
on the afternoon of Feb. 14¿Í °°ÀÌ onÀ» ¾²Áö¸¸ early, late µîÀÌ ºÎ»ç°¡ ºÙÀ» °æ¿ì onÀ» ¾²Áö ¸øÇÏ°í inÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) They left late in the afternoon of¡­.
on ¡­ing´Â ¡¸¡­ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ¡¹ÀÇ ¶æÀÏ ¶§ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿»ç¿Í´Â ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) on arriving¡­/ on waiting for( )/ on preparing for¡­( )

<Á¢¼Ó»ç(Conjunction)>
(Rule 1)
not only¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ÀýÀÇ ¾î¼ø: not only A but B¿¡¼­ A, B´Â º¸ÅëÀº ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ºÒ°úÇϳª ¶§·Î´Â(ÁÖ·Î ¾´ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­) A, B¿¡ ÀýÀ» ¾µ ÀÏÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. ±×·± °æ¿ì º¸Åë A¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç´Â µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù.
1. be, have ¹× ÀÏ¹Ý Á¶µ¿»ç¿¡¼­´Â ±×´ë·Î µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù. ex) Not only was he the right man, but his friends were very co-operative. cf.) Not only he but she is kind.
2. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µ¿»ç¿¡ Á¶µ¿»ç do¸¦ ´õÇÏ¿© µµÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù(do´Â ÀÎĪ, ½ÃÁ¦, ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó º¯È­ÇÔ). ex) Not only do we know him, but we know him inside out.
(Rule 2)
for¿Í becauseÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
1. forÀýÀº ÁÖÀý¿¡ ¼±ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) For it was wet he took a taxi.( )
2. forÀýÀº ¡­not for...., but for... µî°ú °°ÀÌ º´·ÄµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
3. forÀýÀº Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´ä¿¡ ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Why do you hit the girl? I did it, for I was angry.( )
4. forÀýÀº ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.
(Rule 3)
as well as°¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ º»µ¿»ç ¿¬°á½Ã as well as µÚÀÇ °ÍÀº µ¿¸í»çÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ex) She's got a ¡­, as well as playing¡­. cf.) as well as+µ¿¸í»ç: ¡­»Ó ¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¡­µµ, as well as+S+V: ¡­¸¸Å­ Àß
(Rule 4)
How nice, I declare, I tell you, No wonder, would rather µîÀÇ °ü¿ë¾î±¸ ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â that »ç¿ë ºÒ°¡ÇÏ´Ù. ex) No wonder he likes it.
(Rule 5)
°£Á¢Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤¹®ÀÏ ¶§ whether ´ë½Å if¸¦ ¾²³ª, I wonder, I don't know, I am not sure, I doubt µî <ºÎÁ¤¡¤Àǹ®>ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Áö´Ï´Â Ÿµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ±¸½ÇÀ» ÇÒ ¶§´Â whether¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ex) I wonder whether he doesn't think much of himself. cf.) ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁֺηΠ¾²ÀÏ ¶§´Â if´ë½Å whether¸¸ »ç¿ëÇϸç, if´Â Ÿµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î¸¸ ¾²ÀδÙ. ex) Whether it rains or not doesn't matter to me.

<Á¶µ¿»ç(Auxiliary verb)>
(Rule 1)
used to¿Í would
1. used to´Â ¾î¶² µ¿»ç¿Íµµ °áÇÕÀÌ µÇÁö¸¸, would´Â ¹Ýº¹ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ¾ðÁ¦µç Áß´ÜÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ µ¿»ç(sing, go, make, get up early, write µî) ÇÏ°í¸¸ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù. ex) He would wear a moustache.( )
2. would´Â À¯»ý¸í»ç¸¸À» ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï°í, used to´Â (°¡ÁÖ¾î itÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ) ¹«»ý¸í»çµµ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï´Â´Ù. ex) A tall building used to stand here./ It used to be said that.....
3. would´Â ªÀº ±â°£µ¿¾È ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾ú´ø µ¿ÀÛµµ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, used to´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¡¸±æ°íµµ ¸·¿¬ÇÑ °ú°Å¡¹¸¦ ÀüÁ¦·Î Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, last year, for ten years µîÀÇ ºÎ»ç±¸¿Í´Â °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) I used to get up early when I was a child./ We used to live in Pusan for ten years.( )
(Rule 2)
be able toÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿øÄ¢À̳ª ±¸Ã¼Àû µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ÁÖüÀÏ °æ¿ì ¹«»ý¹°µµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ex) Water is able to rust iron.
(Rule 3)
prefer, like, love´Â would, wouldn't¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸, will, will not/won't´Â ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Will you prefer¡­( )
(Rule 4)
would´Â <°ú°Å½À°ü> Ç¥½Ã °¡´ÉÇϳª, <°ú°Å»óÅÂ>´Â ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) There would be a white house on the hill.( )

<Çü¿ë»ç(Adjective)>
(Rule 1)
¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â Àý´ë·Î Å»¶ôµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) The house the garden of which(whose garden) is full of roses, is Mr. Kim's.
°ü°èÀýÀÇ ¼ú¾îµ¿»ç°¡ be³ª look µîÀÇ ºÒ¿ÏÀü ÀÚµ¿»çÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â who, which°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó that ¸¸ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. ex) John is not the man that he was two years ago.
(Rule 2)
¼±Çà»ç ¸í»ç°¡ only µîÀ¸·Î ¼ö½ÄµÇ¾îµµ such°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Çü¿ë±¸·Î ¼ö½ÄµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) He was allowed to take only such goods as he could carry.
(Rule 3)
true·ù, certain·ù, essential·ù, easy·ùÀÇ ¹®ÀåÇüÅÂ
1. true·ù((un)clear, evident, explicit, obvious, plain, improbable, well-known) ex) It is true that he is a poet.
2. certain·ù(sure, likely) ex) It is certain that he will pass the exam./ He is certain to pass the exam.
3. essential·ù(advisable, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, imperative, important, (un)necessary, preferable, proper, vital) ex) It is essential that he read this book./ It is essential for him to read this book.
4. easy·ù(difficult, hard, (im)possible) ex) It is difficult for us to master English in a year or two./ English is difficult for us to master English in a year or two.
À̶§ (im)possibleÀÌ »ç½Ç °¡´É¼º(factual possibility)ÀÏ ¶§´Â true·ù¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ex) It is possible that he is an American.
(Rule 4)
Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¹®Àå¾î¼ø ¾Ï±â
Those(ÇÑÁ¤»ç) two(±â¼ö) beautiful(¼ºÁú) large(´ë¼Ò) new(¿¬·É) white(»ö) buildings
(Rule 5)
big°ú greatÀÇ °¨Á¤Àû Ç¥Çö ex) this great big bull/ this big great bull( )
(Rule 6)
enough
1. Á¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÇÑÁ¤»ç°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ Çü¿ë»ç µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) ..... too tall enough¡­( )/ ...... enough too tall¡­
2. much, as, too, so ¹× Á¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç that°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) ..... as enough¡­( )/ ...... that enough¡­( )/ ...... too enough¡­( )
3. ¹®Àå¼ö½Ä ºÎ»ç Áß ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Á¢µÎ¾î°¡ ºÙ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÔ²² ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡ certainly, reportedly, supposedlyµµ ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
4. ¸ñÀû¾î ¾Õ¿¡´Â À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) Sally eats enough her vegetables.( )
(Rule 7)
<Àǹ®¹®, ¸í·É¹®>¿¡¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â kindly´Â too, very, enough µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ö½ÄµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ex) Would you kindly enough do me a favor?( )
(Rule 8)
some°ú somewhat
1. Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ò ¶§´Â Çü¿ë»çÀ̸ç, somewhatÀº ºÎ»çÀÌ´Ù. ex) He was some puzzled.( )
2. someÀº betterÀÇ °æ¿ì ºÎ»çÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²À̳ª(He is feeling some better today.), ÇÑÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ex) I have a some better house.( )

 
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